Nyoman Puspa Asri, Minarni Wartiningsih, Chintya Gunarto, Antonius Jimmy Widagdo, Yohannes Somawiharja, Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti, Jia-Ming Chern, Suryadi Ismadji
A novel, efficient, and eco-friendly sustainable process has been developed for the extraction of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from durian rinds. The method utilizes low-molecular-weight 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as an oxidation agent, in conjunction with sonication treatment, resulting in a significant reduction of processing time and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques. Various delignification methods and sonication times were investigated. For delignification, a sodium hydroxide solution (10%, w/v) at a biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:30 resulted in the highest cellulose content of 82.07% in cellulose durian rind powder. In addition, the yield of durian rind-based CNF from sonication treatment was found to be as high as 96.26%. The CNF exhibited exceptional characteristics, including a diameter ranging from 8 to 50 nm and a length of several micrometers. This sustainable and environmentally friendly approach demonstrates significant potential for the valorization of agricultural waste into high-performance nanocellulose materials, contributing to the advancement of sustainable materials and applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering published by Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Food Technology Program, School of Tourism, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Master of Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya (ITATS), Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan