T. Maria, Yohanes Tandoro, Yunias Setiawati
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is the most common pediatric psychological disorder. Although pharmacotherapy is effective, many parents hesitate to initiate pharmacotherapy and prefer non-pharmacological treatments. This is a case report of an 8-year-old boy with complaints of hyperactivity, restless behavior, struggles with focusing and often behaving carelessly and dangerously. The child's hyperactivity and impulsivity, accompanied by resistance to authority, anger, and cruelty towards animals, exaggerated in the last 8 months. The parents' inconsistent parenting styles and domestic conflicts contribute to the child's worsening behavior. Despite a diagnosis of ADHD comorbid with conduct disorder (CD), parents refused pharmacotherapy and only accepted behavioral therapy, but no significant improvement. ADHD children with comorbid CD can have altered treatment responses. Isolated behavioral interventions did not appear to provide substantial benefits. Addressing parental concerns and involvement, and tailoring interventions to individual needs are essential. © 2024, Pakistan Pediatric Journal. All rights reserved.
Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Academic Medical Center Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia