Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Wurlina Wurlina, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Satriawan Wedniyanto Putra, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Syahputra Wibowo, Ricadonna Raissa, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Syafiadi Rizki Abdila, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Ima Fauziah
Paratuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Typically, ruminant animals including cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep are infected with MAP. Animals get infected with MAP in a number of ways, such as by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, or by nursing from an infected mother who may have contaminated teats or directly shed the organism in milk or colostrum. Animal-derived goods like meat, dairy, and tainted surface water have the potential to spread paratuberculosis through zoonotic transmission. Reports of paratuberculosis have been received from United States, Oceania, Asia, and Africa, in addition to several European nations like Germany, Italy, and France. Paratuberculosis pathology is characterized by chronic lymphangitis, chronic enteritis, or mesenteric lymphadenopathy. In animals, wasting and watery green diarrhea are the major signs. There are two kinds of paratuberculosis diagnostic tests that are available; the goal of the first set of tests is to identify MAP while the second set consists of immunological tests. Due to similar clinical signs, some forms of the illness, such as wasting and watery green diarrhea, may be mistaken for paratuberculosis. Crohn’s disease has been linked to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis as the etiological culprit in humans. To prevent the infection from spreading to uninfected animal populations, drastic measures must be implemented. Despite the economic burden of paratuberculosis, research aimed at developing therapeutic medicines is focused on public health rather than veterinary uses. This review therefore focuses on a comprehensive detail of paratuberculosis in animals, including its public health implications and economic impact. © 2024, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Physician in Nayaka Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ikenne, Nigeria; Internship Physician in Rumah Sakit Angkatan Udara, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Research Center for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan; Research Center for Structural Strength Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia