Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Wurlina Wurlina, Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Kadek Rachmawati, Astri Nur Hidayah, Niluh Suwasanti, Rheza Imawan Mustofa, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Fitrine Ekawasti, Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu, Audrey Gracelia Riwu
Background: Nephrolithiasis is a kidney disorder caused by the formation of crystals through physiological and chemical processes in the body, with calcium oxalate being a major contributor. Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their antioxidant, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties and contain alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, phenolics, and tannins. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential of M. oleifera leaf extract (MLE) as a calcium oxalate crystal inhibitor, its effect on reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and histopathological changes in kidneys. Methods: Fifty male Rattus norvegicus aged 12 weeks and weighing 202.43 ± 30.39 g were divided into five groups of 10. The groups included: normal control (C) group without treatment, the untreated ethylene glycol (EG)-induced group (T0), and the EG-induced groups treated with MLE at doses of 200 mg/kgbw (T1), 316 mg/kgbw (T2), and 500 mg/kgbw (T3) at 4-hour intervals after EG induction. EG and MLE were administered orally using a gastric tube for 21 days. The parameters observed included SOD and MDA activity, calcium oxalate crystals, and kidney histopathology. Results: MLE inhibited calcium oxalate crystal formation, reduced MDA levels, increased SOD activity, and prevented tubular epithelial cell degeneration, epithelial necrosis, and interstitial inflammation in the kidneys. Conclusion: MLE demonstrated calcium oxalate crystal dissolution activity, antioxidant effects by reducing MDA content, enhanced SOD activity, and improved kidney conditions, thereby contributing to good health and well-being. © 2025, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Profession Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Physician in Nayaka Hostpital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Mataram, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia