Nathania Puspitasari, Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas, Chintya Gunarto, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo
Nanotechnology is the most important scientific breakthrough in the 21st century, which has led to changes and advances in various fields of application. Generally, nanomaterials (NMs) with specific shapes, sizes, and compositions are required for nanotechnology. Synthesis of NMs using conventional chemical and physical methods involves high costs, the use of hazardous substances, and environmental damage. In contrast, the green synthesis approach provides a sustainable method for synthesizing NMs such as the utilization of biodegradable waste and microorganisms. Nowadays, microbially synthesizing NMs has been recognized as an effective and eco-friendly method suitable for the large-scale fabrication of biocompatible nanostructures. Various microorganisms such as yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria can serve as potential stabilizing and reducing agents for synthesizing NMs. This chapter contributes to recent developments in the green synthesis of various NMs using microorganisms, focusing on intracellular or extracellular mechanisms and the purification of NMs. The characterization, applications, and prospects for NMs biosynthesis are also discussed in this chapter. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia
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