Christian J. Wijaya, Sandy B. Hartono, Jindrayani N. Putro, Juliana Anggono, Tarzan Sembiring, Herlian E. Putra, Maria Yuliana, Jenni Lie, Shella P. Santoso, Chien-Yen Chen, Felycia E. Soetaredjo, Suryadi Ismadji, Setiyo Gunawan
Background: Zeolitic imidazolate framework-L (ZIF-L) has great potential as a doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) drug carrier for oral chemotherapy applications. This medical application will greatly support the development of cancer treatment and reduce the cancer fatality rate. However, ZIF-L as a type of metal-organic framework (MOFs) faces several challenges to be implemented in biomedical applications which impact the drug loading and release mechanisms. Methods: CNCs/ZIF-L composites were fabricated via a green in-situ method using CNCs mass percentages of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 % of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O. All composites were tested for the DOX loading and release mechanisms and antioxidant activity. Significant findings: Here, the addition of CNCs enhances the DOX loading capacity of CNCs/ZIF-L composite up to 1508.91 ± 7.72 mg/g due to the presence of abundant active functional groups. In addition, the DOX release profile is another interesting potential that occurs through a diffusion-controlled release mechanism. This shows the ability of CNCs/ZIF-L composite to deliver drugs orally where DOX is released consistently at a certain concentration level for prolonged treatment. Moreover, the IC50 value of DOX@CNCs/ZIF-L drug reaching 480.21 mg/L proves that the effectiveness of DOX is maintained even though it is administered orally in the form of solid material. © 2024 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya, 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya, 60114, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Petra Christian University, Siwalankerto 121-131, Surabaya, 60236, Indonesia; Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia, KST Samaun Samadikun, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan; Center for Nano Bio-Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, AIM-HI, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia