Ramelito Casado Agapay, Alchris Woo Go, Yi-Hsu Ju, Chintya Gunarto, Kristelle Lati Quijote, Artik Elisa Angkawijaya, Shella Permatasari Santoso
The utilization of soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) to produce lipids via bottom-up processes is limited by two factors: the high content of easily oxidized unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid, and the water produced as by-product. High temperature at ambient pressure reduces product yields through side reactions and retards triglyceride (TG) formation with more water by-product. By operating at vacuum conditions, water removal and minimal oxygen tension intensified the processes resulting in increased reaction mass efficiencies of desired products by 1.4-fold. The 1,3-diglyceride and C52 TG obtained were 27.83 ± 1.84 g and 13.47 ± 0.81 g per 100 g of total fatty acids in SODD. The unsaponifiable matter (e.g., squalene, tocopherols) in SODD had both negative and positive influences on partial glyceride (PG) or structured triglyceride (STG) production by diluting product concentrations while imparting high radical scavenging activities. SODD-based products gave similar 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activities with raw SODD, implying that the processes did not diminish its radical scavenging activity. Of more interest is the increase in activities observed with PG and STG products from the model systems, which initially had minimal or no DPPH activities. This would have practical implications regarding the use and storage of the lipids produced. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Da’an District, Keelung Road, Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of San Carlos – Talamban Campus, Gov. Cuenco Avenue, Nasipit, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines; Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Da’an District, Keelung Road, Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan; Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Da’an District, Keelung Road, Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya, 60114, Indonesia