Herlian Eriska Putra, Arini Wresta, Dani Permana, Djaenudin, Fitri Dara, Lies Indriati, Muchlis, Neni Sintawardani, Novi Fitria, Umi Hamidah, Wahyu Purwanta
The study investigates utilising palm oil mill effluent (POME), comprising over 95–96 % water, as a key liquid component in producing biocoal via the hydrothermal treatment of empty fruit bunches (EFB). This innovative approach reimagines POME, commonly viewed as a byproduct of palm oil production, as a potential resource. Evaluating POME as a substitute for water in the hydrothermal treatment at 180–220 °C, using varying POME-to-EFB ratios (PER) of 1, 3, and 5, and durations of 30, 60, and 90 min, the research employed Box Behnken and Response Surface Methodology via Design Expert® 10 software. Through 17 treatments, the optimal conditions—199.4 °C, PER 5, and 90 min—yielded the best EFB-POME mixture for solid fuel production. This discovery underscores POME's viability in replacing water effectively during HT, highlighting its potential despite its high water content as a plentiful waste stream. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation of the Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Bandung Advanced Science and Creative Engineering Space (BASICS), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi (KST) Prof. Dr. Samaun Samadikun, Jalan Cisitu-Sangkuriang No. 21 D, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia; Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor, KM. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia