Maria Yuliana, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, Suryadi Ismadji, Aning Ayucitra, Chintya Gunarto, Artik Elisa Angkawijaya, Yi-Hsu Ju, Chi-Thanh Truong
To promote the use of waste-originated resources in biodiesel production, this study proposes the utilization of leather tanning waste (LTW) and crab-shell (CS) waste as the respective lipid source and catalyst material. The obtained CS-based calcium oxide (CaO) has comparable textural properties with those of existing waste-based catalysts and shows high catalytic activity for the conversion of LTW to biodiesel. The optimum yield of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) is predicted at 97.9 wt%, while it is experimentally observed at 98.7 ± 0.4 wt% (purity of 98.6 ± 0.4 wt%) using the following operating condition: reaction time t = 3.58 h, catalyst amount mc = 3.87 wt%, and a molar ratio of ethanol to LTW meo = 12:1. The CS-based CaO shows good reusability with FAEE yield staying above 90 wt% for four cycles. The fuel properties of LTW-based biodiesel meet ASTM D6751 and ASTM D975-08 standards, with the ethyl ester ranging from C14 to C20. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya, 60114, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Sec 4, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Sec 4, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, 3-2 Street, Can Tho City, Viet Nam